Biosensor design using an electroactive label-based aptamer to detect bisphenol A in serum samples

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are important for the study of protein functions and pathways involved in differentbiological processes, as well as for understanding the cause and progression of diseases. Several high-throughput experimental techniques have been employed for the identification of PPIs in a few model organisms, but still, there is a huge gapin identifying all possible binary PPIs in an organism. Therefore, PPI prediction using machine-learning algorithms hasbeen used in conjunction with experimental methods for discovery of novel protein interactions. The two most popularsupervised machine-learning techniques used in the prediction of PPIs are support vector machines and random forestclassifiers. Bayesian-probabilistic inference has also been used but mainly for the scoring of high-throughput PPI datasetconfidence measures. Recently, deep-learning algorithms have been used for sequence-based prediction of PPIs. Severalclustering methods such as hierarchical and k-means are useful as unsupervised machine-learning algorithms for theprediction of interacting protein pairs without explicit data labelling. In summary, machine-learning techniques have beenwidely used for the prediction of PPIs thus allowing experimental researchers to study cellular PPI networks.

Preparation of Indium Oxide Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Adsorbent for Detection of Preservatives in Food Samples / 分析化学

In2O3nanoparticles-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (In2O3-MWCNTs) were successfully prepared as solid phase extraciton (SPE) adsorbent for the determination of three food preservatives(benzoic acid,sorbic acid,and methylparaben) in beverage samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Because of the large surface area and amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of In2O3nanoparticles,In2O3nanoparticles could interact with specific functional groups.In2O3-MWCNTs adsorbent was prepared based on the large surface area of In2O3and superior thermal and chemical stability of MWCNTs.The obtained adsorbent was characterized via transmission electron microscope (TEM),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated by single-factor experiments,such as adsorbents amount,sample volume,eluent volume,sample pH,and eluent type.The first four factors were then further evaluated by means of a Taguchi's L16(44) orthogonal array experimental design.According to the results of orthogonal array experiment,the optimal conditions were chosen as follows: 0.15 g of adsorbent amount,5.0 mL of sample volume,0.6 mL of ACN-H2O (60:40,0.1% formic acid,V/V) as eluent,and sample pH 4.0.Under the optimum conditions,the LODs (S/N=3) and LOQs (S/N=10) for three preservatives were in the range of 0.004-0.012 μg/mL and 0.012-0.038 μg/mL,respectively.The recoveries ranged from 70.2% to 109.4%.The method is rapid,sensitive,and suitable for the determination of preservatives in food samples.

Functionalization and evaluation of PEGylated Carbon Nanotubes as novel Drug delivery for methotrexate.

Several delivery systems are developed to target methotrexate to cancer tissues with limited success due to low drug loading, size control, toxicity, and scale up and also the cost of formulation. Off late, carbon nanotubes have been projected as a promising carrier for many drugs including anticancer agents. The present work is an attempt to investigate the potentialities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a carrier for targeting methotrexate to cancer tissues. MWCNTs were functionalized using DSPE-mPEG 2000 and was then reacted with methotrexate (MTX) to produce MWCNT-mPEG-MTX conjugate. The conjugate was characterized for particle size, loading efficiency, morphology & rate of drug release. The result indicated that about 2.26 mg of Methotrexate per mg of MWCNTs were loaded with 56.5% entrapment efficiency. Particle size of the MWCNT conjugate was found to be less than 200nm with polydispersity index of 0.286 post lyophilization of the product. The MWCNT conjugate was found to release the drug faster in acidic medium than at neutral pH. However, in both neutral and acidic media, the release was continuous over the period of 48 hours.

Preparation and Application of Chlorogenic Acid Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Materials Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes / 分析化学

A novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was prepared based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by using chlorogenic acid as template, methacrylic acid(MAA) as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the composite structure and morphology, the results showed that a stable imprinted layer was grafted on the MWNTs with the average thickness of 30-40 nm. The dynamic adsorption and static adsorption experiments were also executed and the results showed that two kinds binding sites with the maximum apparent binding constant 21.5 μmol/g and 32.7 μmol/g existed v.i. between the imprinted polymers and chlorogenic acid. As solid phase extraction (SPE) materials, the separation and enrichment of chlorogenic acid from honeysuckle were successful with a enrichment factor of 25.